Soil - Class 3 Science - New St. Mery English School

Soil is one of the most important natural resources on Earth. It is the top layer of the ground that helps plants grow. All plants get water and nutrients from the soil. Many animals like earthworms and insects also live in it. In this chapter, we will learn about different types of soil, how soil is formed, and why it is so important for living things. Understanding soil helps us take better care of our environment and grow healthy plants.

Soil - Class 3 Science - New St. Mery English School

What is Soil?

Ans:- The topmost layer of the earth where plants grow and many animals like earthworms and insects live in is called Soil.

How is soil formed?

Ans:- Soil is formed from rocks. It is a very slow process. Soil is formed by breaking down of rocks into small pieces by the action of wind, rain and sun's heat. This process is called weathering. It takes millions of years for rocks to form soil.

What does soil contain?

Ans:- Soil contains following substances

              1- It contains small pieces of rocks.

              2- It contains dead and decaying plants and animals                            matter called humus.

              3- It contains water in between the spaces of soil                                  particles.

              4- It contains air that is trapped between the soil                                   particles.

How many types of soil?

Ans:- There are three types of soil

              1- Clayey soil

              2- Sandy soil

              3- Loamy Soil

What is Clayey soil?

Ans:- A type of soil that is very fine and does not have space for air between the particles and it can hold lot of water is called Clayey soil. It is sticky and good for making pots and toys.

What is Sandy soil?

Ans:- A type of soil that has big particles and trap alot of air between the particles. It is rough and does not hold water is called Sandy soil. It is found in desert or at seashores.

What is loamy soil?

Ans:- A type of soil that is the mixture of sandy soil and clayey soil is called loamy soil. It is brown in colour and rich in humus. It contains the right amount of air and water. It is the best soil for plants to grow.

Write four importance of soil?

Ans:- The four importance of soil are

          1- Plants grow in soil. They take water and minerals from                   the soil.

          2- Animals and human beings depend upon plants for food                 and they grow in the soil.

          3- Some animals live in the soil such as ants, earthworms,                   rabbits etc.

          4- Soilis used for pottery making, for making tiles and                         bricks and in making building materials.

Write different crops that grow in different soil

Ans:-     Clayey soil - Rice

              Sandy soil - Bajra

              Loamy soil - Wheat, Sugarcane

What is soil conservation?

Ans:- Taking care of soil from erosion is called soil conservation. We can protect soil by planting more trees.

 Solid, Liquids and Gases- Class 4 Science- New St. Mery English School

Everything around us is made up of matter, and matter exists in three main forms — solids, liquids, and gases. In this chapter, students will learn how these three states of matter differ from one another based on their shape, volume, and the way their particles are arranged. Through simple examples from daily life, we will understand how solids keep their shape, liquids flow easily, and gases spread everywhere. This lesson will help young learners observe and explore the properties of matter in the world around them.

Solid, Liquids and Gases- Class 4 Science- New St. Mery English School

What is Matter?

Ans:- Any thing that has mass and occupies space is called Matter.

Ex:- plants, animals, people, wood, water, chair, air etc

What are molecules?

Ans:- All matters are made up of small particles , these particles are called molecules.

How many states of matter on the basis of arrangement of particles?

Ans:- There are three states of matter on the basis of arrangement of particles.

          1- Solid

          2- liquid

          3- gas

What is Intermolecular space?

Ans:- The space between the molecules of a matter is called intermolecular space.

What is Solid?

Ans:- matter which have fixed shape and occupies fixed space is called solid.

Ex:- Stone, books, wood etc

What is liquid?

Ans:- matter which do not have fixed shape but occupies fixed space is called liquid.

Ex:- water, juice, milk, honey etc.

What is Gas?

Ans:- Matter which do not have fixed shape and do not occupies fixed space is called gas.

Ex:- oxygen, air, watervapour, carbon dioxide

What is Freezing?

Ans:- The process by which a substance changes from liquid to solid state on cooling is called freezing.

Ex:- When water is kept in freezer, it converts into solid state.

What is melting?

Ans:- The process by which a substance changes from solid to liquid state is called melting.

Ex:- If we heat some ice-cubes, they convert into water.

What is Evaporation?

Ans:- The process of changing liquid state to vapour form is called Evaporation.

Ex:- If we heat water in a pan, It starts boiling and starts changing into water vapours.

What is Condensation?

Ans:- The process by which a substance changes from the gaseous state to the liquid state upon cooling is called condensation.

Ex:- If we cover a lid on the boiling water, on cooling water vapour collects on the lid as water droplets.

What are Soluble substances?

Ans:- The substances that dissolve in water are called Soluble substances.

Ex:- Sugar, Salt etc

What are Insoluble Substances?

Ans:- The substances that do not dissolve in water are called Insoluble substances.

Ex:- Sand, Chalk, Wax etc

What is Solvent?

Ans:- A liquid in which a solute dissolves is called solvent.

Ex:- Water, Milk, etc

What is Solute?

Ans:- A substance that dissolve in a liquid is called Solute.

Ex:- Sugar, Salt etc

What is solution?

Ans:- The mixture that is formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent is called Solution.

Ex:- mixture of water and sugar

How can we separate the soluble substances from solution?

Ans:- We can separate the soluble substances from solution by heating.

Ex:- Salt or sugar can be separated from their solution by heating. The water changes to steam and leaving behind the particles of salt or sugar

How can we separate the Insoluble substances from solution?

Ans:- We can separate the Insoluble substances from solution by Filtration or Sedimentation and Decantation.

Filtration

In this process, insoluble substances can be separated from a mixture with the help of filter paper. Filter paper is a coarse paper with many tiny holes in it through which only liquids can pass.

Ex:- From the mixture of sand particles and water , sand particles can be separated with the help of filter paper. 

Sedimentation and Decantation

In this process sand and mud can be separated from muddy water. Solution should be kept undisturbed for some time. The sand will settle down. This process by which insoluble particles settle down at the bottom is called sedimentation.

Now the clear liquid can be poured slowly to another glass without disturbing it. This process is called decantation. In this method , sand and mud separates from the mixture. 

States of Water - Class 6 Science - New St. Mery English School 

Water is one of the most essential substances on Earth. It exists all around us in different forms — as ice, liquid water, and water vapour. These are known as the three states of water. The ability of water to change from one state to another makes it a unique and vital resource for all living beings. In this chapter, we will learn how water changes its form through melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, and sublimation, and how these processes are connected to our daily life and the water cycle. Understanding the states of water helps us appreciate the natural balance of our environment and the importance of conserving water.

States of Water - Class 6 Science - New St. Mery English School

About three-fourths of the earth's surface is covered with water. Most of the water on the earth exists in the liquid form in river, lakes, seas and oceans.

The process of conversion of a solid into its liquid state occurs at a fixed temperature is called melting point.

Melting point of water at °C = 0 °C                                          Melting point of water at °F = 32 °F

The process of conversion of a liquid into its solid state is called freezing. Freezing of a liquid into its solid state occurs at a fixed temperature is called the freezing point

Freezing point of water at °C = 0 °C                                      Freezing point of water at °F = 32 °F

Vaporisation

The process of conversion of a liquid into its gaseous state is called vaporisation.                                                                              

There are two ways to perform vaporisation.

1- By evaporation

2- By boiling

Difference between Evaporation and Boiling

Evaporation is a slow conversion of water into its vapour state but Boiling is a fast conversion of water into its vapour state.

                                        Condensation

The process of conversion of a gas or vapour into its liquid states is called condensation. Condensation takes place at a particular temperature called condensation point.

Cloud formation

When  the temperature of air increases, it expands this  makes the air lighter and causes it to rise. In the atmosphere, taking water vapoure with it . Water vapoure is formed when water bodies evaporates due to the heat of the sun . As the air rises, it begins to cool. The  water vapoure  condenses on dust particles present in the atmosphere to from millions of tiny droplets Tiny ice crystals could also from if it is very cold. This cluster of tiny water droplets floating in air and appear as clouds.

Water cycle

The continuous circulation of water from the earth's surface to the air and from the air back to the earth's surface is called the water cycle.

How does water cycle happen

Water in seas, lacks, ponds, or streams evaporates due to the heat of the sun. this water vapoure rises. The air higher up in the atmosphere is cooler which cools the water vapoure  and causes it to condenses into tiny drops of water. Many such tiny drops  of water come together to form clouds. As the clouds get cool further, the water drops become bigger. When they become too heavy, they fall on the earth as rain. Rainwater falls on seas, river, lacks, ponds and streams. The water evaporates again and  this goes on repeating. Thus the water cycle in nature continues.

Rain

Rain is a types of precipitation falling from the atmosphere to the  earth. Raindrops or ice crystals from in clouds and fall to the ground when  they become heavy enough that the air can no longer    support them up.

Lighting and thunder

A loud sound or crashing noise after a flash of  lighting is called thunder. Thunder and lighting occur during they result from a heavy flow of electric charges either between two clouds or between a cloud and a tall object such as tree or building.

Why do lighting and thunder occur?

A scientist named Benjamin franklin find this out.  He flew a silk kite into the clouds during a thunderstorm, typing a metal key to thread of the kite. he got an electric shock when he touched the key. You  have read that an electric current can give an electric shock . Therefore, he concluded that electricity got generated in the clouds during thunderstorm and flows down the wet kite thread to the metal key. That is why the key gave an electric shock when touched.

Flood and their effects

Most of the rainfall in our country occurs in the monsoon season. the amount of rainfall varies from one place to place. When ,it rains heavily, it may cause the water level of lakes, ponds and rivers to rise, this is called floods.

Effects of flood

1- Flood causes great damage to crops, animals and humans.

2- Flood water can damage structures such as building.

3- Flood can lead to landslides.

4- People and animals may drown in flood waters and die.

5- Flood can cause a shortage of flood crops as  entire harvests may be destroyed.

6- Unhygienic conditions caused by floods can lead to spread waterborne diseases like cholera and typhoid.

7- Scarcity of drinking water  may occur as the water gets contaminated.

Drought and their effect

If rain does not fall on a region for a long time, it can lead to a condition called a drought. A drought is an extended period of months or years when a region does not receive any rainfall. A drought can cause a lot of damage and harm to life.

The effects of drought 

1- Crop. yield becomes less and the soil dries up as it continues to lose water  by evaporation.

2- Lack of water may cause the death of livestock.

3- Water shortage may cause death of people living in drought affected areas.

4- Food and fodder become scarce. it may lead to malnutrition.

5- Dehydration and other related diseases are common during drought.

6- People of drought-affected areas may migrate due to lack of alternative food sources. The migration can put civic and economic pressure on non- drought areas.

 

 Safety First - Class 1 Science - Question and Answer

Safety is very important in our daily life. We should always be careful at home, in school, on the road, and while playing. This chapter teaches us simple safety rules that help us stay safe and avoid accidents. By learning and following these rules, we can protect ourselves and others. “Safety First” reminds us that being careful is the best way to stay happy, healthy, and safe everywhere.

Safety First - Class 1 Science - Question and Answer

1:- What is the safety means?

Ans:-Safety means staying away from harm.

2:- What are safety rules?

Ans:-The certain rules that we follow to stay safe are called safety rules. 

3:- Write five safety rules that we should follow at home?

Ans:-

1- We should not play with switches and plugs.

2- We should not play with sharp tools.

3- We should not play with matchsticks.

4- We should keep our things in their proper places.

5- We should inform our parents when we get hurt.

 

4:- Write five safety rules that we should follow at school?

Ans:-

1- We should walk in a line.

2- We should not try to get on or get down from a moving bus.

3- We should not run around in the classroom.

4- If we get hurt, we should inform our teacher.

5:- Write five safety rules that we should follow on the road?

Ans:-

1- We should not run or play on the road.

2- We should cross the road only when the signal is green.

3- We should use zebra crossing to cross the road.

4- We should must follow the traffic rules.

5- Always walk on the footpath.

6:- Write five safety rules that we should follow while travelling ?

Ans:-

1- Stand in a queue while waiting for a bus.

2- Never try to push someone.

3- Never get in or get down of a moving bus.

4- Never lean out of the window of a moving bus or car

5- Always wear a seat belt when you sit in a car.

7:- What is the meaning of red light of traffic?

 

Ans:- Red light means to stop.

8:- What is the meaning of yellow light of traffic?

Ans:- Yellow light means to get ready.

9:- What is the meaning of green light of traffic?

Ans:- Green light means to go.

 Things Around Us - Class 2 Science - New St. Mery English School

The world around us is full of different things. Some are living, like people, animals, and plants, while others are non-living, like rocks, toys, and furniture. In this chapter, “Things Around Us,” we will learn to identify and classify these things. We will understand how living things grow, move, and need food, while non-living things do not. This topic helps us observe our surroundings carefully and appreciate the variety of things that make our world beautiful and interesting.

Things Around Us - Class 2 Science - New St. Mery English School

What are natural things?

Ans:- Things that are found in nature are called natural things.

Ex:- plants, soil, sun, moon, water, rock etc

How many types of natural things?

Ans:- There are two types of natural things.

   1- Natural living things

   2- Natural non-living things

What are Natural living things?

Ans:- The natural things that have lives are called Natural living things. They can grow, move, take food, breathe and reproduce.

Ex:- plants, animals, human beings, birds etc.

What are Natural non-living things?

Ans:- The natural things that do not have lives are called Natural non-living things. They can not grow, move, take food, breathe and reproduce.

Ex:- sun, moon, river, rocks, soil etc.

What are man-made things?

Ans:- Things that are made by man are called man-made things.

Ex:- table, chair, pen, rubber, buildings etc.

What is Material?

Ans:- The substance from which a thing can be made is called material.

Ex:- wood, rubber, plastic, metals etc.

Write five things that are made from wood.

Ans:- chair, table, bed, doors and windows

Write five things that are made from rubber.

Ans:- tires, rubber band, eraser, shoes, gloves 

Write five things that are made from metals.

Ans:- vehicle, utensils, aeroplane, ship, gun

Write five things that are made from plastic.

Ans:- buckets, mug, comb, storage container, toy

Write three materials that are natural things.

Ans:- wood, rubber and metals

Write a material that is man-made thing

Ans:- plastic

 Air Around Us - Class 1 Science - Question and Answer

Air is all around us, though we cannot see it. We need air to breathe and live. Plants, animals, and humans cannot survive without air. Air also helps us in many ways – it helps birds to fly, moves kites and balloons, and makes windmills work. Even though we cannot touch or see air, we can feel it when it moves as wind. In this chapter, we will learn about the importance of air and how it is useful in our daily life.

Air Around Us - Class 1 Science - Question and Answer

1:- Why can we not see air?

Ans:- We can not see air because air is colourless.

2:- Why do we need air?

Ans:- We need air to breathe.

3:- What is breeze?

Ans:- gentle moving air is called breeze. It is soft and pleasant.

3:- What is wind?

Ans:- Fast moving air is called wind.

4:- Write two properties of air?

Ans:- The two properties of air are

1- Air has weight but no smell of its own

2- Air occupies space.

5:- Write two uses of air?

Ans:- The two uses of air are

1- All living things need air to breathe.

2- Air is needed for burning