1:- What are exhaustible natural resources?
Ans:- Those natural resources which are present in limited quantity in nature and are not likely to be exhausted by human activities are called exhaustible resources.
Ex:Coal,petroleum,natural gas,minerals,forests etc.
2:- What are inexhaustible nature resources?
Ans:- Those natural resources which are present in unlimited quantity in nature and are not likely to be exhausted by human activities are called inexhaustible resources.
Ex:- Sunlight, air, Water, etc.
3:- What are renewable resources?
Ans:- The resources which cannot be exhausted even after continuous utilization and as once used up, can be replenished within a reasonable period of time is called renewable resources.
Ex:- Sun, wind, etc.
4:- What are Non-renewable resources?
Ans:- The resources which can be exhausted after continuous utilization and as once used up, can not be replenished within a reasonable period of time is called Non-renewable resources.
Ex:- coal, petroleum, forest etc.
5:- What is fuel?Give example.
Ans:- Any combustible substance that is used to produce heat at a reasonable cost is called fuel.
Ex:- Cowdung, wood, paper, kerosene, charchol etc.
6:- What are fossil fuels? Write example.
Ans:- The fuels that are formed in nature from dead remains of plants and animals are called fossil fuels.
Ex:- coal, petroleum and natural gas.
7:- What is the use of fossil fuels?
Ans:- fossil Fuels burn to produce a large amount of heat and light. The heat can be used to cook food, run engines or to generate electricity.
8:- What is coal?
Ans:-
Coal
is a hard, black, combustible minerals that consist mainly of carbon.
It is a sedimentary rock formed from the remains of plants.
9:- What is carbonisation ?
Ans:- The slow process by which the dead plants buried deep under the earth have become coal is called Carbonisation.
10:- What is carboniferous age?
Ans:- The time period take to complete carbonisation is called carboniferous age.
11:- What is the composition of coal?
Ans:- coal is a complex mixture of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen with some amount of nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus.
12:- How many types of coal?
Ans:- There are three types of coal:
1:- Anthracite
2:- Bituminous
3:- Lignite
13:- What is anthracite?
Ans:- Anthracite is the best variety of coal. It has more than 90% of carbon content.
14:- What is bituminous?
Ans:- Bituminous coal has about 65-70% of carbon content. It is better than lignite but worst than anthracite.
15:- What is lignite?
Ans:- Lignite coal is brown coal. It has only 38-40% of carbon content. It is worst than anthracite and bituminous.
16:- Write five places of india where coal is found.
Ans:- west bengal, jharkhand, orissa, madhya pradesh and tamil nadu.
17:- What is destructive distillation of coal?
Ans:- The process of heating coal in the absence of air at 10000c is called the destructive distillation of coal. In destructive distillation of coal many useful organic and inorganic products are obtained like coke, coaltar and colgas.
18:- What is coke?
Ans:- The solid residue left after destructive distillation of coal is called coke. It contains about 98% carbon . It is almost pure form of carbon. It is porus and black it is used in the manufacture of steel and to extract many metals from there ores.
19:- What happens when steam is passed over red hot coke?
Ans:- When steam is passed over red hot coke, it produces water gas.
Carbon + water vapour → Water gas
C + H2O → CO + H2
20:- What happens when air is passed over red hot coke?
Ans:- When air is passed over red hot coke, it produces producer gas.
Carbon + air → producer gas
2C + O2 + 4N2 → 2 CO + 4N2
21:- What is coal tar?
Ans:- Coal tar is a carbonic material that is a mixture of about 200 carbon compounds. It is a black, thick liquid with unpleasant smell.
22:- Write some products that can we obtain from coal tar.
Ans:- Some products that can we obtain from coal tar are
👉 Coal tar is used in the manufacture of various substances like synthetic dyes, drugs, explosives, pesticides, perfume, plastic paints etc.
👉 Coal tar is used in the manufacture of pitch.
👉 Naphthalene balls are also obtained from coal tar.
23:- What is coal gas?
Ans:- The gas obtained during the processing of coal to get coke is called coal gas. It is a mixture of hydrogen , carbon monoxide and mithane.
Ans:- Coal gas is used as a fuel in many industries situated near the coal processing plant.
25:- What is petroleum?
Ans:- Petroleum is naturally occurring dark- coloured viscous liquid formed trapped under the ground. It is the complex mixture of various hydrocarbons mixed with water, salts and other particles. It is insoluble in water and lighter than water.
26:- Why is petroleum called petroleum?
Ans:- petroleum is called petroleum because it is found under the crust of earth trapped in rocks.
27:- How is petroleum formed?
Ans:- Petroleum was formed from organisms living in the sea. As these organisms died, their bodies settled at the bottom of the sea and got covered with layers of sand and clay. Over millions of years, absence of air, high temperature and high pressure transformed the dead organisms into petroleum and natural gas.
28:- How can we obtain crude oil and natural gas under the surface of earth ?
Ans:- We can obtain petroleum and natural gas by drilling holes in the earth's crust. When a well is drilled, natural gas first comes out with great pressure and after some times oil comes out.
29:- When and where the world's first oil well was drilled?
Ans:- The world's first oil well was drilled in pensylvania, USA, in 1859.
30:- When and where the india's first oil well was drilled?
Ans:- The india's first oil well was drilled in makum, in assam , in 1867.
31:- What is refining?
Ans:- The process of separating various constituents of petroleum by fractional distillation is called refining. It is carried out in a petroleum refinery.
32:- Explain the process of refining of petroleum.
Ans:- In refining of petroleum, crude oil is heated to about 400 degree Celsius in a furnace and the vapours thus formed are passed into a tall fractionating tower.The hydrocarbons with highest bioling pionts condense first and are collected at the base of the fractionating tower. With the rising vapours, the hydrocarbons with the lower boiling points condense at different heights.
👉 Petroleum gas has lower boilining point that is more than 25 degree celsius so consedense first and escape from the top of the tower.
👉Bitumen has higher boiling point that is more than 350 degree celsius so condense last and escape from the bottom of the tower.
33:-What is natural gas?
Ans:- Natural gas is a mixture of gases which are rich in hydrocarbons. All these gases like methane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide etc are naturally found in atmosphere. It is found along with petroleum under the earth.
34:- Write some uses of natural gas.
Ans:-
1-compressed form of Natural gas is used as fuel for vehicles which is known as CNG.
2- It is used as fuel for boilers and air conditioners worldwide.
3- Natural gas is used in the manufacture of many chemicals and fertilisers.
4- on strong heating, natural gas decomposes into carbon and hydrogen. this hydrogen is used in the production of ammonia.
35:- Write some places where natural gas found in India.
Ans:- Tripura, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, and in the krishna-Godawari delta
36:- Write four problems that arises due to overuse of fossil-fuels.
Ans:- Four problems that arises due to overuse of fossil-fuels are
1- Exhaustion of existing fossil fuels.
2- increasing in pollution of air, water, and soil
3- global warming
4- Energy crisis in future
37:-What do you mean by judicious use of energy?
Ans:- judicious use of energy means that we should not waste energy. We should use the energy with utmost care.
38:- How can we use energy judiciously? Write six ways.
Ans:- The six ways to use energy judiciously are
1- switch off lights, fans, etc, when not in use.
2-use applications like coolers, heaters, geysers, etc. only when needed.
3-reduce the flame while cooking food.
4- Use CFLs and tube lights, that use less less energy ,instead of bulbs
5- Use public transport in place of private vehicles.
6- Use pressure cookers and keep the vessels covered while cooking.
39:- How can we conserve Fossil fuels? Write five ways.
Ans:- The five ways by which we can conserve Fossil fuels are
1- Natural gas should be used as an alternative source of energy
2-Use of solar energy should be encouraged like solar cookers, solar heaters etc
3- Wind power should be used to generate electricity
4- Hydroelectric power should be generated from water-bodies with the help of dam.
5- Energy generated from biomass should be used in rural and semi-urban areas.
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