What is a tissue?
Ans:- A group of cells of similar structure combined together to perform a specific function forms a tissue.
Write three importance of tissue
The three importance of tissue are
1- Tissue performs division of labour in multicellular organism.
2- Tissue decreases workload on individual cells.
3- Tissues combine together to form an organisation.
cells → tissues → organs → organ system → organism
How many types of tissue ?
Ans:- There are two types of tissue
1- plant tissue
2- animal tissue
How many types of plant tissue?
Ans:- There are two types of plant tissue.
1- meristematic tissue ( It is responsible for growth of plant. A baby plant developed from a meristematic tissue. )
2- permanent tissue
How many types of meristematic tissue?
Ans:- There are three types of meristematic tissue.
1-Apical meristem
2-Lateral meristem
3-Intercalary meristem
How many types of permanent tissue?
There are two types of permanent tissue
1- simple tissue
2- complex tissue
How many types of simple tissue?
There are three types of simple tissue
1- parenchyma
2- collenchyma
3-sclerenchyma
How many types of complex tissue
There are two types of complex tissue
1- phloem
2- xylem
Notes:- Phloem and xylem is responsible for sending food and water to all parts of plant. The combination of phloem and xylem is known as vascular bundle.
How many types of phloem
There are four types of phloem.
1- sieve tubes
2- companion tubes
3-phloem parenchyma
4- phloem fibres
How many types of xylem?
There are four types of xylem.
1- vessels
2- tracheids
3- Xylem parenchyma
4- xylem sclerenchyma
Animal tissue
How many types of animal tissue?
Ans:- There are four types of animal tissue.
1- Epithelial tissue
2- Muscular tissue
3- Connective tissue ( Bones and blood are made of connective tissue. )
4- nervous tissue
How many types of Epithelial tissue?
Ans:- There are four types of epithelial tissue
1- squamous tissue
2- cuboidal tissue
3- glandular tissue
4- ciliated tissue
How many types of muscular tissue?
There are three types of muscular tissue.
1- Skeletal tissue
2- smooth tissue
3- cardiac tissue
How many types of connective tissue
There are four types of connective tissue
1- areolar
2- adipose
3- skeletal
4- fluid
How many types of areolar tissue
Ans:- There are two types of areolar tissue
1- loose tissue
2- dense tissue
How many types of dense tissue
There are two types of dense tissue
1- tendon
2- ligament
How many types of skeletal tissue
There are two types of skeletal system
1- cartilage
2- bone
How many types of fluid
Ans:- There are two types of fluid
1- blood
2- lymph
Meristematic tissues (Plant tissue )
Meristematic tissues are responsible for growth of plant. They help the seeds to become a plant, A plant to becomes a tree.They are present in the growing reason of plants like root and shoot etc. They are spherical, oval or rectangular in shape. The intercellular spaces are absent in meristematic tissues. Vacuoles are absent in Meristematic tissues. Meristematic tissues are very active tissues and perform continuously cell division. In Meristematic tissues cytoplasm is very dense. In Meristematic tissues cell wall is made up of cellulose. In Meristematic tissues nuclei is prominent and perform cell division regularly. They are also known as differentiated tissues.
There are three types of Meristematic tissues.
1-Apical meristem
2-Lateral meristem
3-Intercalary meristem
What are nodes?
Ans:- The parts of stem from where the leaves come out is called noes.
What is internode?
Ans:- The distance between two nodes is called internodes.
Apical meristem
Apical meristem is present at the tip of root and shoot. It helps to increase length of root and shoot.
Intercalary meristem
it is present at the base of leaves and at internodes of plants. It helps to increase the length of organs like leaves and internodes.
Lateral meristem
Lateral meristem is present beneath the bark of stem. It helps to increase the girth of root and stem.
What is primary growth in a plant?
Ans:- The vertical growth of a plant is called primary growth in a plant. In primary growth , shoot grows in upward direction and root grows in downward direction
What is secondary growth of plant?
Ans:- The growth in girth of a plant is called secondary growth.
Permanent tissue
Those tissues in which cells lose the ability to divide and take up a specific role. They acquire a specific shape and structure.They start to perform a specific function are called permanent tissues. They are also called differentiated tissues. Permanent tissues are formed from Meristematic tissues.
What is differentiation?
The process of taking up permanent shape, size and function is called differentiation. Permanent tissues are formed by the process of differentiation.
Write the Structure of permanent tissues
They have large central vacuole.
They have thin or thick cell wall depending on their function.
Write the functions of permanent tissues.
They provide protection to the plant.
They provide support to the plant.
They help the plants in storage.
They helps the plant in photosynthesis.
How many types of permanent tissue?
Ans:- There are two types of permanent tissue
1- simpe permanent tissue
2- complex permanent tissue
What is simple permanent tissue
The tissue that is made of similar type of cells is called simple permanent tissue. The cells of simple permanent tissue are structurally and functionally similar.
How many types of simple tissue?
There are three types of simple permanent tissue
1- parenchyma tissue
2- collenchyma tissue
3-sclerenchyma tissue
parenchyma tissue
parenchyma tissue is present in stem, roots, leaves, flowers and fruits. It is found in every part of plant.
cell structure
1- It has thin cell wall.
2- It has round, polygonal or elongated shape
3- intercellular spaces are present in this tissue.
function
1- It is a food storage tissue. It stores food for plant cells.
2- In some cases , It consists chlorophyll. Thus it is called chlorenchyma
3- In parenchyma tissue, when loosely packed intercellular spaces are present called aerenchyma. Aerenchyma provides buoyancy to parts of plant and help the plants to float
How many types of parenchyma?
There are two types of parenchyma
1-chlorenchyma
2- aerenchyma
What is chlorenchyma?
Ans:- Those parenchyma tissues which stores chlorophyll is called chlorenchyma.
What is aerenchyma?
Those parenchyma tissues which helps the water plant to float is called aerenchyma. aerenchyma has very loosely packed intercellular space which provides buoyancy to water plants and help the plants float.
Collenchyma ( Second types of permanant tissue )
occurance
Collenchyma is a type of permanent tissue that is found in leaf stalks and stem of dicots.
Structure of cells
It is a living tissue. it is elongated in shape. It is irregularly thickened at the corners. They have very little intercellular space.
collenchyma is a mechanical tissue. It provides mechanical strength to those parts of plants where it is found. It provides flexibility to the part of plant. It also allows bending of some parts of plants like tendrils or climbers.
Sclerenchyma ( third type of permanent tissue)
occurance
Sclerenchyma is present around the vascular bundles of stems. it is also found in veins of leaves. It is also found in hard covering of seeds and nuts like husk of coconut and wall nuts.
Structure
Sclerenchyma is a long and narrow tissue. The wall of sclerenchyma is thickened by a substance called ligin. The cell cavity is absent due to excessive thickness of wall. The inter cellular spaces are absent. Sclerenchyma is a dead tissue.
Function
Sclerenchyma provides strength to the plant cell. It provides protection to the inner content.
Protective tissue
Those plant tissues that provide protection to the plant is called protective tissue.
There are two types of protective tissue
1- Epidermis
2- cork
Epidermis tissue ( first type of protective protective tissue )
Epidermis tissue is a type of protective tissue that is found in new born root and shoot.
animals have outer most covering called skin but plants have outermost covering called epidermis.
The outermost covering of a plant that allows an object to go inside or outside of a plant.
Structure
Epidermis is made of single layer of cells. The cells of epidermis tissue are enlongated and flat. There is no intercellular spaces in Epidermis.
occurance
Epidermis tissues are present on the outermost layer of all plants like leaves, flowers, stems and root.
Function
1- Epidermis tissue protects all parts of plants.Plants of dry habitats have thicker epidermis which prevents water loss.
2- Epidermis tissue of desert plants release a waxy material called cutin. and the layer of cutin is called cuticle.In desert plant a layer of cuticle is present which is water resistance.Cuticle protects the desert plants against water loss, injury and invasion by fungi.
3- The Epidermis of aerial parts of plant also secrets waxy like substance which protects the plant against water loss, injury and fungi infection.
4- Epidermis tissue is also present in root in the form of hair like structure which increase the surface area of absorptiontion and help the root to absorb more water and minerals.
5- Epidermis tissues form stomata . some parts of leaf have no epidermis tissues which help in making pores. this pores is called stomata. Stomata helps in gasious exchange. It also helps in releasing water vapour.
Stomata are guarded by guard cells. Guard cells are kidney shaped. Guard cells regulate gaseous exchange.
Cork ( second type of protective tissue)
Cork is a type of protective tissue. It is found in mature roots and shoots. cork replace the epidermis.
Structure
Cork is external protective tissue. It is dead. It is compactly arranged cells. The intercellular spaces is absent. The wall of cork cell have suberin. The cork cell secrets suberin which helps in regulates gaseous exchange and water vapour.
Function
It provides protection to mature roots and shoots. It secrets suberin which regulates gaseous exchange and water passage.
Complex permanent tissue
The permanent tissue that is made up of more than one type of cells is called complex permanent tissue. All the cells of complex permanent tissue coordinate to perform common function. They are also called conducting tissue because they conduct water and food to all parts of plant.
Function
It transport water, minerals and food materials.
How many types of complex permanent tissue?
Ans:- There are two types of complex permanent tissue
1- xylem
2- Phloem
What do you mean by xylem?
Ans:- Xylem is a type of complex permanent tissue. It is also called conducting tissue. They conduct water and minerals from root to shoot.
By how many types of cells, xylem is formed
Ans:- Xylem is formed by three types of cells
1- Tracheids
2- Vessel
3- Xylem parenchyma
4- Xylem Sclerenchyma
What do you mean by Tracheids?
Ans:- tracheids is a type of cells that forms xylem. It is a tube like structure. It is elongated cells. It has tapering ends therefor they are arranged side by side. It has pits that conduct water from one tracheids to another. The cellwall of tracheids is lignified. the cellwall of tracheids is made of lignin and the cell wall of tracheids is dead.
What do you mean by Vessel?
Ans:- Vessel is a type of cell that forms xylem. It is a tube like structure. vessels have end to end arrangement of cells. It conducts water. The cellwall of vessels are lignified. The cellwall of vessel is made of lignin and the cellwall of vessel is dead.
What do you mean by xylem parenchyma?
Ans:- Xylem parenchyma is a type of cell that form xylem. It stores food. It is living cell. It is a cell whose nucleus and cytoplasm is clearly visible.
What do you mean by Xylem sclerenchyma?
Ans:- Xylem sclerenchyma is a type of cell that form xylem. It provides strength to the xylem. The cellwall of Xylem sclerenchyma is made of lignin. The cellwall of Xylem sclerenchyma is dead.
Phloem ( second types of complex permanent tissue )
What do you mean by phloem?
Ans:- Phloem is a type of complex permanent tissue. It is also called conducting tissue. They conduct food to different parts of plant.
By how many types of cells, phloem is formed
Ans:- phloem is formed by three types of cells
1-Sieve tubes
2-Companion cells
3-
4- Phloem sclerenchyma
What do you mean by sieve tubes.
Ans:- Sieve tubes are the tube shaped cells. They are made of thin cellwall. They are placed one above the other.The end wall of sieve tubes are porous.sieve plates are present at the end of sieve tubes .
What do you mean by companion cells?
Ans:- Companion cells are associated with sieve tubes. They help the sieve tubes in their functions. They have thin cellwall.
What is lateral conduction of food?
Ans:- The movement of food in horizontal direction is called lateral conduction of food.
What do you mean by phloem parenchyma?
Ans:- Phloem parenchyma is a living cell. It stores food. It perform lateral conduction of food.
What do you mean by phloem sclerenchyma?
Ans:- Phloem sclerenchyma is a dead cell. It has thick cell wall. It provides mechanical strength to the phloem.
Animal tissue
Epithelial tissue
Epithelial tissue is the covering or protective tissues in animal body. They cover and protect the internal part of animal body. Epithelial cells are tightly packed. Epithelial cells form continuous sheet so that it is present at every part of body. The intercellular spaces are absent. All epithelial tissues are separated by others through basement membrane.
What is the difference between lining and covering?
Ans:-The inside coating of a body is called lining but the outside coating of a body is called covering.
Function of Epithelial tissue
Epithelial tissue provides protection to body from injury, infection or damage. It forms lining of mouth and alimentary canal.it absorb water and nutrients. It eliminates wastes from body.
Squamous epithelial tissue ( first type of Epithelial tissue )
Squamous epithelial tissue is made up of extremely thin cell. Cells of Squamous epithelial tissue are flat. Cells of Squamous epithelial tissue are irregularly shaped.
There are two types of Squamous epithelial tissue
1- Simple Squamous tissue
2- Stratified squamous tissue
Simple squamous tissue
In Simple squamous tissue cells formed a single layer. It forms delicate lining. It is found in mouth, and oesophagus .
Stratified squamous tissue
In Stratified squamous tissue cells formed many layers. It prevent the body from wear and tear. It is found in skin.
Cuboidal epithelial tissue ( Second type of Epithelial tissue )
Structure
Cuboidal epithelial tissue are made of cube like cells. The cells of Cuboidal epithelial tissue are as tall as they wide. The cells of Cuboidal epithelial tissue have fine nucleus and cytoplasm. They are found above a basement membrane.
occurrence
They are present at sweat glands, salivary glands, thyroid glands and lining of kidney tubules.
Function
Cuboidal epithelial tissues perform absorption, secretion and protection.
Columnar epithelial tissue
Structure
Columnar epithelial tissues are made of pillar like cells. These cells are more tall than wide. Columnar epithelial tissues have fine nucleus and cytoplasm. They are found above a basement membrane.
Occurrence
Columnar epithelial tissues are found in lining of intestine, lining of stomach and lining of gallbladder.
Function
Columnar epithelial tissues perform absorption, secretion and protection.
What is celia?
Ans:- The here like projection that is present on cell is called celia.
What is free surface of Epithelial tissue?
Ans:- The surface of tissue that is not attached to basement membrane is called free surface of Epithelial tissue.
What is Respiratory tract?
Ans:- The Respiratory system is also called Respiratory tract.
What is fallopian tube?
Ans:- fallopian tube is a tube that is present between uterus and overy.
What is rhythmic beating?
Ans:- The movement of an object with rhythm is called rhythmic beating.
Ciliated Epithelial tissue
Those Epithelial tissues that have cilia like projections are called Ciliated Epithelial tissues. These tissues help the things to move from one place to another.
Structure
The shape of cells of Ciliated Epithelial tissues is either cuboidal or columnar. The cells of Ciliated Epithelial tissues have cilia on free surface. Cilia is the hair like projection on cell that facilitats movements. Cilia helps any particles to move from one place to another.
Occurrence
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