Light And Shadow - Class 5 Science - New St. Mery English School

Light is an important part of our daily life. Without light, we would not be able to see anything around us. The Sun is the main natural source of light, while bulbs, candles, and tube lights are artificial sources of light. When light falls on an object, it can pass through, get blocked, or form a shadow.

In this chapter, we will learn how shadows are formed and why they change in size and shape. We will also understand the difference between transparent, translucent, and opaque objects. Fun activities and simple examples will help us explore how light travels and how shadows are created in our surroundings.

Light And Shadow - Class 5 Science - New St. Mery English School

What is Light?

Ans:- Light is a form of energy that helps us see things.

What are sources of light?

Ans:- The things that produce their own light are called sources of light.

Ex:- bulb, sun, stars etc 

How many types of sources of light?

Ans:- There are two types of sources of light.

1- Natural sources of light

2- Artificial sources of light

What are Natural sources of light?

Ans:- Natural sources of light are things in nature that produce their own light without being made by humans.

Ex:- Sun, Stars, glow worm etc.

What are Artificial sources of light?

Ans:- The man made things that produce light are called Artificial sources of light.

Ex:- electric bulb, torch, candles etc.

Write three properties of light?

Ans:- Three properties of light are

1- Light travels in straight line. This is called rectilinear propagation of light.

2- Light travels from one place to another.

3- White light is made up of seven colours.

What is Rainbow?

Ans:- When sunlight passes through rain drops, It splits into seven colours and makes a band of seven colours. This band of seven colours are Rainbow. It forms in the sky. The seven colours of rainbow are violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red (VIBGYOR)

How many types of objects on the basis of amount of light they allow to pass through them?

Ans:- There are three types of objects on the basis of amount of light they allow to pass through them.

1- Transparent objects

2- Translucent objects

3- opaque objects

What are transparent objects?

Ans:- Some objects that allow light to pass through them easily are called transparent objects.

Ex:- glass, water etc.

What are translucent objects?

Ans:- Objects through which only some light can pass are called translucent objects.

Ex:- Butter paper, frosted glass, thin cloth, oiled paper

What are opaque objects?

Ans:- Some objects that do not allow light to pass through them are called opaque objects.

Ex:- wood, stone etc.

What is shadow?

Ans:- A shadow is a dark patch formed when an object blocks the path of light. It is always formed on the opposite side to the source of light.

Write three conditions that is necessary for the formation of shadow.

Ans:- The three conditions that is necessary for the formation of shadow are

1- A light source

2- An opaque object

3- A surface such as wall, floor, table top etc.

Write five properties of shadow.

Ans:- The five properties of shadow are

1- The shadow is formed when light falls on an opaque or translucent object.

2- A shadow is formed on the opposite side of the source of light.

3- Shadow do not depend on the colour of the object. It is mostly black.

4- A shadow shows only the shape of the object and not its details.

5- The size of the shadow depends on the distance between the source of light and the object.

Weather And Season - Class 3 Science - New St. Mery English School

 Weather And Season - Class 3 Science - New St. Mery English School

Weather and seasons are important parts of our daily life. Sometimes the day is hot, sometimes it is cold, and sometimes it rains. These changes in the air around us are called weather. When a particular type of weather continues for many months, it forms a season.

In this lesson, Class 3 students will learn about different types of weather such as sunny, rainy, windy, and cloudy days. They will also understand the main seasons of the year — summer, rainy, winter, spring, and autumn — and how each season is different. Children will discover how seasons affect the clothes we wear, the food we eat, and the activities we do.

Learning about weather and seasons helps students understand nature better and observe the changes happening around them every day.

Weather And Season - Class 3 Science - New St. Mery English School

What is Weather?

Ans:- The day to day conditions of  air  of a place keeps changing everyday. This condition of air is called weather.

Write the factors that affect the weather.

Ans:- The factors that affect the weather are sun, wind, clouds and water vapour in the air. 

How many types of weather?

Ans:- There are five types of weather.

1- Sunny day

2- Cloudy day

3- Rainy day

4- Windy day

5- Cold day

What is Sunny Day?

Ans:- In sunny day, The sun is bright. Sky is blue and the air is warm. The hottest time of the day is noon because the sun is directly overhead.

What is Cloudy Day?

Ans:- In cloudy day, The sky is covered with clouds. Cloudy day is not very hot.

What is Rainy day?

Ans:- In rainy day, The sky is covered with dark clouds. It rains very heavily in rainy day. It is cold and wet.

What is Windy day?

Ans:- In windy days the wind blows strongly. 

What is Cold day?

Ans:- In cold day, The sun is not bright and cold wind blows. 

What is Season?

Ans:- When the weather remains same for a few months, It is called season.

How many types of season? Name them.

Ans:- There are five types of season

1- Summer Season

2- Winter Season

3- Rainy season

4- Autumn Season

5- Spring Season

What is Summer Season?

Ans:- Summer is the hottest season of the year. It comes after spring season and before the rainy season. We wear light cotton clothes in this season. We eat ice-cream and drink cold drinks in this season.

What is Winter Season?

Ans:- Winter is the coldest season of the year. It comes after autumn and before spring. In this season, we wear woollen clothes to protect us from cold. In this season we enjoy hot drinks.

What is rainy season?

Ans:- The rainy season is the time of year when a place gets most of its rainfall. It is also called monsoon season. It comes after summer season and before winter season. We use umbrella and rain coat in rainy season.

What is autumn season?

Ans:- Autumn is the season that comes after summer and before winter. It is the time when the weather starts becoming cooler. It falls after the rainy season and before the winter season. During this season, trees shed their leaves.

What is spring season?

Ans:- Spring is the season that comes after winter and before summer. It is known as the season of new life and fresh beginnings. We see beautiful plants and blooming flowers in this season.

 Water - Class 2 Science - New St. Mery English School

Water is one of the most important gifts of nature. All living things — humans, animals, and plants — need water to live and grow. We use water every day for drinking, cooking, bathing, washing clothes, and cleaning. Without water, life on Earth would not be possible.

Water comes from many sources such as rivers, lakes, ponds, wells, and rain. Rain is the main source of fresh water on Earth. It is very important for us to use water carefully and not waste it, because clean water is limited.

In this lesson, we will learn about the uses of water, its sources, and why we should save water. Water is life, so let us understand its value and protect it.

Water - Class 2 Science - New St. Mery English School

How many main sources of water? Name them.

Ans:- There are three main sources of water.

1- rain water

2- surface water

3- underground water

What is rain water?

Ans:- Water that we get in the form of rain is called rain water. It is the main source of water.

What is surface water?

Ans:- Water that is found on the surface of earth is called surface water.

Ex:- rivers, lakes, ponds, oceans etc.

What is underground water?

Ans:- Water that is found under the surface of earth is called underground water.

Ex:- well, handpump, tubewells etc.

How many forms of water?

There are three forms of water.

1- solid

2- liquid

3-gas

Which is the solid form of water?

Ans:- Ice

Which is the liquid form of water

Ans:- water

Which is the gasious state of water?

Ans:- water vapour

What is water cycle?

Ans:- The circulation of water on the earth in cyclic manner from land to sky and back to the land is called water cycle.

Write five uses of water.

Ans:- The five uses of water are

1- All living things need water to live.

2- Plants need water to prepare food.

3-We need water for drinking, cooking, bathing and cleaning

4- Flowing water is used for generate electricity.

5- Water is used in industries to carry out various processes.

Write five ways by which we can save water.

Ans:- The five ways by which we can save water are

1- Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth.

2- Get your leaking taps repaired.

3- Collect and store rainwater in tanks.

4- Use bucket while bathing.

5- Reuse RO waste water for washing, cleaning or watering .

 Water for Life- Class 1 Science- New St. Mery English School

Water is very important for all living things. We need water to drink, cook food, wash clothes, and keep ourselves clean. Plants and animals also need water to live and grow. Without water, life on Earth would not be possible. In this chapter, we will learn about the different uses of water, where we get water from, and why we should always save and keep it clean. Let’s discover why water is truly essential for life!

Water for Life- Class 1 Science- New St. Mery English School

1:- Why do we need water?

Ans:- We need water for drinking, washing, bathing and cooking food.

2:- What is the colour of water?

Ans:- Water is colourless.

3:- Where do we get water from?

Ans:- We get water from rain, rivers, ponds, lakes, wells and tap.

4:- Write six uses of water.

Ans:- The five uses of water are

1- Water is used for cooking. 

2- Water is used for washing clothes.

3- Water is used for bathing.

4- Water is used for drinking.

5- Water is used for watering the plants.

6- Water is used for putting out the fire. 

5:- Write five important sources of water.

Ans:- The five important sources of water are rain, rivers, ponds, lakes and wells .

Living Creatures : Exploring Their Characteristics - Class 6 Science - New St. Mery English School

Have you ever wondered how we know that a plant, an animal, or even a tiny insect is a living thing? The world around us is full of both living and non-living things, but living creatures have some special features that make them different. In this chapter, we will explore those unique characteristics that all living organisms share.

Living things grow, breathe, need food, move, respond to changes around them, reproduce, and remove waste from their bodies. These processes are called life processes, and they help living organisms survive on Earth. From huge elephants to tiny ants and green plants, every living being shows these characteristics in one way or another.

Understanding these features helps us learn more about nature and the amazing diversity of life around us. Let’s begin our journey into the fascinating world of living creatures and discover what truly makes something “alive.” 🌱 

Living Creatures : Exploring Their Characteristics - Class 6 Science - New St. Mery English School

What are living things?

Ans:- Things which have lives are called living things.

Ex:- human, plants, animals, birds etc

What are Non-living things?

Ans:- Things which have no lives are called Non-Living things.

Ex:- river, mountain, buildings etc

Write some common features between living thing and non-living thing.

Ans:-  Some common features between living thing and non-living thing are

1- Both Living and Non-living thing possess mass, shape and occupy space.

2- Both Living and Non-living thing  made up of basic structural unit. In the case of Living thing, Cell is the basic structural unit. and Molecule is the basic structural unit of Non-living thing.

Cellular Organisation

What are Cellular Organisms?

Ans:- Those organisms that are made of cells are called Cellular Organisms.

Ex:- animals, plants, amoeba etc

How many types of cellular organisms?

Ans:- There are two types of cellular organisms.

1- Unicellular organisms

2- Multicellular organisms

What are Unicellular organisms?

Ans:- Those organisms that are made up of only a single cell are called Unicellular organisms.

Ex:- amoeba, paramecium, euglena, chlamydomonas, bacteria

What are Multicellular organisms?

Ans:- Those organisms that are made up of millions of cells are called Multicellular organisms.

Ex:- plants, animals and human beings etc

Eating and Feeding

What is Nutrition?

Ans:- The process of taking food in living organisms is called Nutrition.

How many types of living organisms on the basis of Nutrition?

Ans:- There are two types of living organisms on the basis of Nutrition.

1- Autotrophic

2- Heterotrophic

What are Autotrophic?

Ans:- Those living organisms that prepare their own food themselves are Autotrophic.

Ex:- Plants are autotrophic because they synthesize their food themselves in the presence of sunlight and using raw material like carbon dioxide and water.

What are Heterotrophic?

Ans:- Those living organisms that get their food from plants and other animals are Heterotrophic

Ex:- Human beings, animals, birds etc

Respiration

What is breathing?

Ans:- The act of taking in air is called breathing. During breathing, the organisms take in oxygen present in the air. This oxygen is used to break down complex food substances into carbon dioxide and water. During this process, energy is released.

Food + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy

What is Respiration?

Ans:- The release of energy from food is called respiration. Respiration helps living things obtain this energy. Living things need energy to grow, to move and to fight diseases.

Describe the different organs present in different organisms to breathe.

Ans:- Humans breathe in air through the nostrils into the lungs. Animals living in water, such as fish, use their gills to extract dissolved oxygen from water. Some animals, which do not have gills or lungs, breathe in other ways. Earthworms breathe through their body surface while insects breathe through holes in their bodies called spiracles. Plants breathe through special openings present in their leaves called stomata.

What is Growth?

Ans:- Growth is the increase in size, height, weight, or mass of a living organism over time. All living things show growth. 

Ex:- A baby grows into child, A seedling grows into a tree, A chicken grows into a cock, etc

Is growth reversible or irreversible?

Ans:- Growth is irreversible because once a living thing has grown, it can not become small again.

Movement

Why is movement necessary in living organisms?

Ans:- Movement is necessary in living organisms because they move from one place to another in search of food, seeking protection from enemies and natural hazards that help them to survive on earth.

What is Locomotion?

Ans:- Locomotion is the movement of an organism from one place to another.

Ex:- Human walks, Birds fly, Fish swim, etc.

Excretion

What is Excretion?

Ans:- Elimination of wastes from the body of living organisms is called excretion. Animals excrete wastes from their bodies in the form of urine, stool and sweat. plants excrete gum and latex. plants like rubber, oak, and banyan trees excrete latex.

Response to stimuli

What is stimulus?

Ans:- Any change that produces an immediate action or response in an organism is called stimulus.

What is response?

Ans:- A response is the immediate action taken by an organism to adjust itself  according to the change.

Write about different kinds of stimulus that is responded by living organisms.

Ans:- All living organisms respond to different kinds of stimuli like touch, chemicals, heat, light and smell.

A turtle withdraws into its shell when sensing danger.

A bacterium swims away from concentration of harmful substances.

If you heat an animal, it will try to attack back or run away.

Sunflower shows response to stimuli mainly through movement toward light.

The touch-me-not plant shows a very clear response to touch, which is a type of stimulus. When the leaves of the touch-me-not plant are touched, shaken, or even exposed to strong wind, The leaflets quickly fold inward and the leaf droops down.

Reproduction

What is Reproduction?

Ans:- Reproduction is the process by which living organisms produce new organisms of their own kind.

Adaptation

What is adaptation?

Ans:- Living organism develops certain characteristics which help them to live and survive in their environment. This is called adaptation. Adaptation is the process by which a living organism learns to survive and reproduce in its environment.

Write some adaptations shown by different animals

Ans:- A polar bear has a thick fur to helps it keep warm in the polar regions.

A hawk has a sharp and hooked beak for tearing its prey.

A woodpecker uses its long and pointed beak to drill into the bark of trees to find insects.

A dog adapts to warm weather by shedding its hair.

Insect Eating plants

What are insectivorous plants?

Ans:- Insectivorous plants are special plants that trap and digest insects to get nutrients, especially nitrogen, because they usually grow in nutrient-poor soil.

Key points:

• They are green plants and can make their own food by photosynthesis 🌱

• They catch insects using modified leaves

• Insects provide extra nutrients, not energy

Common examples:

• Pitcher Plant – traps insects in a pitcher-shaped leaf

• Venus Flytrap – snaps shut when an insect touches it

• Sundew – has sticky hairs that trap insects

Life Span

What is Life Span?

Ans:- Life span is the total length of time for which a living organism lives, from birth to natural death.

Examples:

• Human – about 70–80 years

• Dog – about 10–15 years

• Butterfly – a few weeks

• Neem tree – hundreds of years

In short:-

Life span = Birth → Growth → Old age (maturity ) → Death

Write the organisms which show the characteristics of both living and non-living things.

Ans:- Viruses are the organisms which show the characteristics of both living and non-living things. Viruses need living cells to grow and reproduce. Most viruses can not survive for long if they are not inside a living thing. When viruses get inside living bodies, they multiply and make people sick. 

  

 

Air - Class 2 Science - New St. Mery English School

Air is all around us, even though we cannot see it. We need air to breathe and stay alive. Every plant, animal, and human being needs air. Air helps us to speak, fly kites, dry clothes, and move boats and windmills.

Air is made of different gases, and it gives us oxygen to breathe. Without air, life on Earth would not be possible. Even fire needs air to burn.

In this chapter, we will learn what air is, where we find it, and why it is so important for us. Let us explore the wonderful world of air and see how it helps us every day! 🌈 

Air - Class 2 Science - New St. Mery English School

What is Air?

Ans:- Air is a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth and is necessary for all living things to breathe.

Features of Air

Air is all around us.
We cannot see air, but we can feel it.
Air helps us to breathe.
Plants, animals, and humans need air to live.
Air helps birds fly and helps fire burn.

What does air contain?

Ans:- Air contains many gases, water vapour, smoke, dust particles and germs

Write three properties of air.

Ans:- The three properties of air are

1- Air supports burning.

2- Air occupies space.

3- Air has weight.

How many types of air according to movement?

Ans:- There are four types of air according to movement.

1- Still air

2- breeze

3- wind

4- storm

What is still air?

Ans:- When air does not move, It is called still air.

What is breeze?

Ans:- gentle moving air is called breeze. It is soft and pleasant.

What is wind?

Ans:- Fast moving air is called wind.

What is storm?

Ans:- Very fast and strong air along with rain and thunder is called storm. It is very harmful.

Writ four uses of air?

The four uses of air are

1- We need air to breathe.

2- We need air for burning fire.

3- We need air to inflate balloons and tyres.

4- We need air for drying clothes.

What does make the air dirty?

Ans:- Smoke, germs and dust make the air dirty.

Why do we need fresh and clean air?

Ans:- If we breathe dirty air, We fall sick. To stay healthy, We need fresh and clean air.

How can we keep air clean?

Ans:- We can keep air clean by following ways

1- We should plant more and more trees.

2- Factories should be built away from the city to reduce the smoke in the air.

3- We should use public transport like bus, trains. It helps to reduce air polution.

electric current and Its Effects - Class 7 Science - New St. Mery English School

Electricity plays an important role in our daily life. From lighting our homes to running fans, televisions, and mobile phones, everything depends on the flow of electricity. This flow of electric charge is called electric current. Without electric current, most of the modern machines we use today would not work.

In this chapter, Electric Current, students will learn what electric current is, how it flows through a circuit, and how it helps electrical devices to function. We will also study electric cells, batteries, switches, and conductors, which are necessary for the flow of electric current. Understanding this topic will help students know how electricity is produced, controlled, and used safely in our everyday life.

This lesson builds a strong foundation for learning more about electricity in higher classes and helps students become more aware of energy and its uses.

electric current and Its Effects - Class 7 Science - New St. Mery English School

Electric current is the flow of electric charges (usually electrons) through a conductor like a wire.

👉 Electric current is the movement of electricity from one place to another.

It is represented by 'I'

Example:

When you switch on a bulb, electric current flows through the wire to the bulb and makes it glow 💡.

Unit:

Electric current is measured in ampere (A).

Electric Current = Electric Charge / time

I = Q / t

Where:

I = Electric current (in ampere, A)

Q = Electric charge (in coulomb, C)

t = Time (in seconds, s)

The SI unit of electric current is Ampere because electric current cannot be measured directly, but its magnetic effect can be measured very accurately.

When electric current flows through a wire, it produces a magnetic field around it. Scientists found that this magnetic effect can be measured very precisely. So, they decided to define electric current using this effect.

Scientific idea:

One ampere is the amount of current which, when flowing through two parallel wires, produces a fixed magnetic force between them.

In simple words:

👉 Ampere is used as the SI unit because it allows electric current to be measured accurately and reliably.

Who was André-Marie Ampère?

André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836) was a French physicist and mathematician.

He is known as the “Father of Electrodynamics.”

Why is the unit named Ampere?

He discovered the relationship between electricity and magnetism.

His work showed that electric current produces magnetic effects, which is the basis for motors, generators, and many electrical devices.

To honor his contribution: 👉 The SI unit of electric current was named “Ampere (A)” after him.

Numerical 

Q1. If 10 coulomb of charge flows in 5 seconds, find the electric current.

Q2. A charge of 30 C flows through a wire in 10 s. Find the current.

Electric charge 

Electric Charge is a property of matter that causes it to experience electrical force.

In simple words:

👉 Electric charge is the reason why objects attract or repel each other electrically.

It is represented by 'Q'

Types of electric charge

There are two types:

Positive charge

Negative charge

Example:

When you rub a balloon on your hair, it gets electric charge and can stick to a wall 🎈. This happens because of electric charge.

The SI unit of electric charge is Coulomb.

Symbol - C

👉 1 coulomb (C) is the amount of charge that flows when 1 ampere of current flows for 1 second.

Electric Charge = Electric Current × Time 

Who was Charles-Augustin de Coulomb?

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (1736–1806) was a French physicist.

He studied the forces between electric charges and magnetic poles.

Why is the unit named Coulomb?

He discovered a law called Coulomb’s Law, which explains: 👉 How electric charges attract or repel each other.

To honor his work, the SI unit of electric charge was named “Coulomb (C)” after him.

Numerical 

Q1. How much charge flows if a current of 5 A flows for 4 seconds?

Q2. A current of 2 A flows for 15 seconds. Find the charge.

How many types of substances on the basis of electric current 

Ans:- There are two types of substances on the basis of electric current.

1- Conductors 

2- Insulators 

What are Conductors?

Ans:- Substances which allow electric current to flow through them are called conductors.

Ex:- Metals like aluminium, iron, copper, etc, alkali solutions, acid solutions, etc. are good conductors of electricity

What are Insulators?

Substances which do not allow electric current to flow through them are called insulators.

Ex:- Wood, plastic, paper, rubber, air, etc.

Electric Circuit 

What is electric Circuit?

Ans:- The path along which electric current flows is called electric circuit. An electric circuit consists of a number of components like cell or battery, connecting wires, switch, bulb etc. These components are called the elements of an electric circuit. The elements of a circuit are connected between the two terminal of a cell that is( +ve and -ve ). The current starts from the positive terminal of a cell, passes through the various conducting elements connected to it and ends at the negative terminal of the cell

How many types of electric Circuit?

There are two types of electric Circuit 

1- Closed electric Circuit 

2- Open electric Circuit 

What is Closed electric Circuit?

Ans- The circuit in which the various components are connected between the cells without any break is called a closed electric circuit.

Electric current flows through a closed circuit.

What is Open electric Circuit?

Ans- The circuit in which the various components connected between the cells have a break at some point is called an open electric circuit.

No current flows through an open circuit.

Elements of Circuit 

Cell  - : Cell is the source of electric current. It has two terminals, one positive and the other negative. The most commonly used cell in the laboratory is the dry cell.

Battery - the combination of two or more cells to produce electric current is called battery. In a battery the individual cells are connected in series or parallel.

How many types of battery? 

There are two types of battery. 

1- battery with cells in series 

2- battery with cells in parallel 

Battery with cells in series

In this kind of battery, the individual cells are connected in such a way that positive terminal of one cell is connected to the negative terminal of the other cell.

Battery with cells in parallel 

In this kind of battery, the individual cells are connected in such a way that their positive terminals are connected to each other and the negative terminals connected to each other with one free positive and one free negative terminal.

Switch 

Switch is a simple device used to turn an electric circuit ON or OFF.

Switch is another important element of the

circuit. It helps us to close or open the circuit. When the switch is in 'ON' position, the current flows through the circuit. The circuit is now said to be closed. On the other hand, when the switch is in 'OFF' position, no current flows through the circuit. The circuit is now said to be open.

A switch does not have terminals and can be connected anywhere in the circuit.

Bulb

An electric bulb is a device that produces light when electric current passes through it.

Inside the bulb there is a very thin wire called a filament. When electricity flows through the filament, it becomes very hot and glows, giving us light.

The bulb has a thin wire, called the filament that glows when current passes through it. If the filament is broken, the bulb will not glow. It is then said to be fused. A fan uses electric current to rotate to blow air.

Connecting wire

It is used to connect various components in an electric circuit. It is made of copper or aluminium coated with insulating material like plastic.

Voltmeter 

Ammeter 

Why are symbols for some electric components used instead of components?

Symbols for electric components are used in a circuit diagram instead of drawing the real components because:

1. They make diagrams simple and clear

Real components are big and complicated to draw. Symbols are small and easy, so the diagram looks neat.

2. They save time and space

Using symbols is much faster than drawing actual bulbs, cells, wires, etc.

3. They are understood all over the world

Electric symbols are standard. Scientists, engineers, teachers, and students everywhere understand the same symbols.

4. They help us understand the circuit easily

Symbols show how components are connected, so we can quickly follow the flow of electric current.

5. They avoid confusion

Real drawings may look different, but symbols are fixed, so there is no misunderstanding.

Some commonly used diagram of components are shown below 

Volt

Volt is the force that pushes electric charges. Volt is the unit that tells us how strong the push of electricity is. 

Volt (V) is the unit of electric potential difference. 

One volt is the potential difference when 1 joule of energy is used to move 1 coulomb of charge.

1 volt = 1 Joule / 1 Coulomb 

📌 Example

A 1.5 V battery gives small push (used in toys)

A 12 V battery gives stronger push (used in vehicles)

220 V is used in homes