The Food We Eat - Class 4 Science - New St. Mery English School

Food is an essential part of our life. It gives us energy to play, study, and do our daily activities. Without food, we cannot grow or stay healthy. Different types of food provide different nutrients that help our body to grow, repair, and stay strong.

In our daily life, we eat a variety of foods such as fruits, vegetables, grains, milk, and pulses. Each type of food has its own importance. Some foods give us energy, some help in growth, and others protect us from diseases.

In this lesson, we will learn about the different types of food, their sources, and the importance of eating a balanced diet. This will help us understand how to make healthy food choices and take care of our body.

The Food We Eat - Class 4 Science - New St. Mery English School

What is Food?

Ans:- any substance that we eat or drink to get energy, grow, and stay healthy is called food.

What are Nutrients? Name them.

Ans:- The invisible components that are present inside the food to repair our body, provides us energy and protects us from diseases  are called nutrients of food. The nutrients of food are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals etc.

What is energy giving food?

Ans:- The food that provides us energy to work and play is called energy giving food. Energy giving food is rich in carbohydrates and fats. 

Ex:- cereals, potatoes, sugar, sweets, chocolates, ghee, butter, oil etc.

What is body building food?

Ans:- The food that helps our body to grow and rebuild the tissue is called body building food. body building food is rich in proteins. Proteins make our muscles strong.

Ex:- Egg, Meat, Cheese, Fish, Chicken, milk etc.

What is protective food?

Ans:- The food that protects us from many diseases is called protective food. Protective food is rich in vitamins and minerals.

Ex:- Fruits, Vegetables, milk, eggs, curd, almonds, jaggery etc.

What is Roughage?

Ans:- Food that contains fivres is called roughage. It is essential for the digestion of food. Fibres help us to remove waste materials out of our body.

Ex:- fruits, vegetables, seeds etc.

What is use of water in our body?

Ans:- Water helps the body to digest and absorb the food. It regulates the body temperature and also helps in excretion. We should consume 8 to 10 glasses of water daily.

What is Balanced diet?

Ans:- A diet that contains various nutrients, roughage and water in right proportions required for good health is called a balanced diet.

How many methods of cooking food?

Ans:- There are five methods of cooking food?

     1- Boiling

     2- Frying

     3- Roasting

     4- Baking

     5- Steaming

Write some food items that are cooked by Boiling.

Ans:- Rice, pulses, potatoes, eggs and several green vegetables

Write some food items that are cooked by Frying.

Ans:- Puris, Chips, Fried Potatoes etc.

Write some food items that are cooked by Roasting.

Ans:- Groundnuts, Brinjal, Roasted potato, Roasted Chicken etc.

Write some food items that are cooked by Baking?

Ans:- Cakes, Biscuits, Puddings, Pizzas etc.

Write some food items that are cooked by Steaming.

Ans:- Idli, Dhokla, Momos, Rice etc.

What is food preservtion? Write some ways of preserving food?

Ans:- the process of preventing food from rotting by slowing down the growth of germs is called Food Preservation. Some ways of preserving food are Drying, Pickling, Refrigerating, Bottling, Boiling, Deep Freezing.

What are junk foods? Give some example.

Ans:- Some food are not good for our health even if they are very testy are called junk foods

Ex:- Chips, Burger, Chocolate, Samosa, Momos, Pizza, cold drink etc.

Why do we need exercise and games?

Ans:- We need exercise and games to make us healthy and feet. 

The Solar System - Class 4 Science - New St. Mery English School

The Solar System is a fascinating family of the Sun and the objects that move around it. At the center of the Solar System is the Sun, which gives us heat and light. Around the Sun, there are eight planets that travel in fixed paths called orbits. These planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

Our planet Earth is the only planet known to support life. Besides planets, the Solar System also includes moons, asteroids, and comets. All these heavenly bodies are held together by the Sun’s strong gravitational force.

In this chapter, we will learn about the Sun, the planets, and other interesting objects in space. Let us explore the amazing world of the Solar System and discover how our planet fits into this big universe! 

The Solar System - Class 4 Science - New St. Mery English School

What is Solar System?

Ans:- The Solar System is a group of the Sun and all the objects that move around it like planets, satellites etc.

What is sun?

Ans:- The Sun is a huge, hot ball of gases that is present at the center of solar system. It gives us light and heat, which makes life on Earth possible.

What are planets?

Ans:- The large celestial bodies that revolve around the sun on a fixed path and do not have their own light are called planets.

How many planets in solar system?

Ans:- There are eight planets in solar system. 

1- Mercury 

2- Venus

3- Earth 

4- Mars

5- Jupiter

6- Saturn

7- Uranus

8- Neptune 

Mercury - It is nearest planet to the sun. It is smallest and very hot during the day and very cold at night. 

Venus- It is second planet from the sun. It is the hottest and the brightest planet ,also called 'the morning and the evening star'. It also does not have any moon.

Earth:- It is the third planet from the sun. It is the only planet where life exists. It has all the suitable conditions to support life about seventy percent of Earth's surface is covered with water,so it is also called blue planet . The earth has one moon.

Mars:- It is fourth planet from the sun , also known as 'red planet's. It look red in colour. It has two moon.

Jupiter:- It is the fifth planet from the sun. It is the largest planet of the solar system. It has about 79 moons.

Saturn:- It is the second largest planet, sixth from the sun. It has seven wide rings around it which are made up of ice and dust . It has 62 know moons.

Uranus:- It is the third largest planet ,seventh from the sun.it has 27 known moons.

Neptune:- It is the eighth planet from the sun. It is the coldest planet in the solar system. Neptune has around 14 moons.

What are satellites?

Ans:- The object that revolve around a planet in an orbit is called satellite.

What is moon? 

Ans:- Moon is the natural satellite of the earth. It completes one revolution around the earth in 27 day. The moon does not have its own light but it reflects the light of the sun. It shines at night because of sun's light.

Write three feature of moon?

Ans:- three feature of moon.

1- It does not have the atmosphere as the earth has.

2- there is no water on the moon.

3- The surface of the moon is made up of rock and many mountains and crater.

What are artificial satellites? 

Ans:- The man - made object which move around a planet in an orbit are known as artificial satellites.

Which is the first artificial satellites of world?

Ans:- first artificial satellites was the sputnik-1 , launched by USSR on October 4,1957.

Which is the first artificial satellites of India?

Ans:- first artificial satellites Indian satellite was aryabhata. The launched on April 19,1975.

Write three uses of artificial satellites?

Ans:- three uses of artificial satellites are:

1- they are used to study weather conditions planets and stars.

2- they help in communication through telephone, radio and TV.

3- they are used in GPS ( global positioning system). 

What are stars?

Ans:- the number of twinkling objects that are appear in night sky are called stars.

Why does stars seer to be very small?

Ans:- stars are many times larger than the planets but they seems to very small because they are very far away from us.

Who is the nearest star to the earth?

Ans:- the sun is the nearest star to the earth .

What are constellation?

Ans:- the group of stars that from patterns in the sky are called constellation.

Ex:- ursa, major, ursa minor, Orion etc.

How many types of movement of earth? 

Ans:- there are two types of movement of earth.

1- revolution 

2- rotation 

What is orbit?

Ans:- the earth moves on a fixed path around the sun. This fixed path is called an orbit.

What is revolution?

Ans:- the movement of the earth around the sun in an orbit is called revolution. It takes 365 days to complete one revolution.

What is rotation?

Ans:- the earth spins on its own axis just like a top rotation on its pin. This is called rotation of the earth. It takes 24 days for the earth to complete one rotation.

Write two effects that eauses due to earth's movement ?

Ans:- the two effects that eauses due to earth's movement are.

1- the rotation of the earth causes day and night.

2- season are caused due to revolution of the earth around the sun.

Who divided the earth into two parts?

Ans:- the epuator divided the earth into two halves, called the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere.

Soil - Class 4 Science - New St. Mery English School

Soil is one of the most important natural resources on Earth. It is the upper layer of the land where plants grow and many living organisms live. Without soil, life on Earth would not be possible because plants get water, nutrients, and support from it.

Soil is made up of tiny particles of rocks, minerals, air, water, and dead plants and animals. Different types of soil such as sandy soil, clayey soil, and loamy soil are found in different places, and each type is useful for different kinds of plants.

In this chapter, Class 4 students will learn what soil is, how it is formed, its types, and why it is important for plants, animals, and humans. This lesson helps children understand how soil supports life and how we should take care of this precious natural resource. 🌱 

Soil - Class 4 Science - New St. Mery English School

What is Soil?

Ans:- Soil is the top layer of the Earth in which plants grow. It is made of tiny rock particles, air, water, and organic matter like humus.

How does soil form?

Ans:- soil is formed when rocks breakdown into tiny pieces due to continuous drying, heating and cooling by the sun, rain and wind. this is called weathering. this repeated weathering over thousands of years break the rock into small pieces and thus, soil is formed. soil formation is very slow, long and continuous process.

What is pedology?

Ans:- The science that deals with study of soil is called as pedology.

What is pedologist?

Ans:- The scientists who study soil are called pedologist.

What is composition of soil?

Ans:- Soil is made up of different sized particles. Three main particles of the soil are Sand, Silt and Clay.

Sand- The largest soil particles

Silt- These particles are smaller than sand but larger than clay

Clay- The smallest soil particles 

How many types of soil on the basis of the ratio of different soil particle.

Ans:- There are three types of soil on the basis of the ratio of different soil particle.

1- Sandy Soil

2- Clayey Soil

3- Loamy Soil

                                          What is Sandy soil?

Ans:- A type of soil that has big particles and trap a lot of air between the particles. It is rough and does not hold water is called Sandy soil. This soil contains more of sand particles. It is non-sticky. It is found in desert or at seashores.

                                           

                                          What is Clayey soil?

Ans:- A type of soil that is very fine and does not have space for air between the particles and it can hold lot of water is called Clayey soil. It is sticky and good for making pots and toys.

                                           What is loamy soil?

Ans:- A type of soil that is the mixture of sandy soil, clayey soil and silt in equal proportion is called loamy soil. It is brown in colour and rich in humus, nutrients and moisture. It contains the right amount of air and water. It is the best soil for plants to grow.

Soil Profile

What is Soil Profile?

Ans:- Soil is made up of different layers. The vertical section of the soil that shows different layers from the upper surface to underlying rocks is called Soil Profile. 

In how many levels is the Soil Profile divided?

Ans:- Soil Profile is divided into three levels.

1- Top Soil

2- Sub Soil

3- Bed Rock

Write about Top Soil.

Ans:- It is uppermost layer of the soil.

          It is rich in nutrients.

          It contains humus.

          It contains air.

          It is dark in colour.

         It is home of some animals.

Write about Sub Soil.

Ans:- It is just below the top soil.

          It is made of broken pieces of rocks.

          It contains some humus and water.

          It contains lesser air.

         It is less fertile.

         It contains only few organisms live here.

Write about Bed Rock

Ans:- It is the deepest layer  of the soil.

          It is found below the sub soil.

         It contains mostly rocks.

        There is no humus here.

        It contains very little water.

What is Soil Erosion?

Ans:- Soil erosion is the process of removal, wearing away, or washing away of the top layer of soil by natural forces like wind, water, or human activities.

Causes of Soil Erosion

1. Heavy Rainfall – washes away soil.

2. Strong Winds – blow loose soil.

3. Floods – carry away soil with water.

4. Deforestation – cutting trees removes roots that hold soil.

5. Overgrazing – animals eat plants and expose soil.

6. Poor farming methods – loosen and expose soil.

Soil Conservation

Soil Conservation means protecting the soil from being damaged, lost, or washed away. It includes all the methods that help save soil, improve soil quality, and prevent soil erosion.

Write five ways by which we conserve soil.

Ans:- The five ways by which we conserve soil are

1- By afforestation

2- By building bunds or embankments along river banks

3- By growing plants in farm lands

4- By avoiding overgrazing

5- By step farming in Hilly areas

        

        

Force, Work and Energy - Class 4 Science - New St. Mery English School

Understand the basics of Force, Work and Energy with this easy and child-friendly Class 4 Science lesson. Learn what force is, types of forces like push, pull, muscular force, gravitational force, and friction, and how they affect objects around us. This lesson also explains what work is, when work is said to be done, and the different forms of energy such as heat, light, and motion. Perfect for CBSE Class 4 students, teachers, and parents looking for simple, clear, and well-explained science notes. 

Force, Work and Energy - Class 4 Science - New St. Mery English School

What is Force?

Ans:- Force is a push or pull on an object that can change its state of motion or shape. Force makes things move, stop, speed up, slow down, change direction, or change shape.

Write five effects of Force.

Ans:- The five effects of force are

1- It can move an object.

2- It can stop a moving object.

3- It can change the speed of moving object.

4- It can change the shape of an object

5- It can change the direction of a moving object.

How many types of force?

Ans:- There are many different types of forces, Some of them are

1- Muscular Force

2- Gravitational Force

3- Magnetic Force

4- Friction Force

What is Muscular Force?

Ans:-  The force that we apply using our muscles is called Muscular Force.

Ex:- Lifting a school bag, Kicking a football, Pushing a table, Riding a bicycle, Cutting vegetables with hands

What is Gravitational Force?

Ans:- Gravitational force is the force that pulls everything down toward the Earth.

Ex:- When you drop a ball, it falls down, Leaves fall from trees to the ground, Water flows downward

What is Magnetic Force?

Ans:- Magnetic force is the force by which a magnet attracts or repels certain objects. A magnet mainly attracts objects made of iron, nickel, or cobalt. These are called Magnetic substance.

Ex:- A magnet attracting pins or paper clips, A fridge magnet sticking to the refrigerator, A magnet pulling iron nails 

What is Friction Force?

Ans:- A force that slows down or stops a moving object is called Friction Force. It works between two surfaces which are in contact. Friction force is more on rough surface and less on smooth surface.

Ex:- When you rub your hands together, they become warm due to friction., We erase pencil marks on paper using friction.

Write five advantage of friction.

Ans:- The five advantage of friction are

1- Friction Helps us to stand, walk and run

2- Friction Helps vehicles move.

3- Friction Helps us in writing.

4- Friction Helps to stop moving objects.

5- Friction Helps us to hold things.

Write five disadvantages of friction.

Ans:- The five disadvantages of friction are

1- Friction produces heat that causes wear and tear of machines.

2- Friction tears the soles of shoes.

3- Friction Makes movement difficult.

4- Friction Wastes our energy.

5- Friction Reduces efficiency there for machines do not work smoothly.

What is work?

Ans:- Work is said to be done when a force is used to move something.

If you push, pull, lift, or carry an object and it moves, then work is said to be done.

Ex:- Pushing a table and it moves, Pulling a bucket from a well, Kicking a football and it rolls

What is Energy?

Energy is the ability to do work. We need energy to do all activities like walking, running, playing, reading, lifting things, and even breathing.

How many types of energy?

Ans :- There are many different types of energy, Some of them are

1- Solar Energy

2- Wind Energy

3- Hydro Energy

4- Fuel energy

What is solar energy?

Ans:- The energy that we get from sun is called solar energy.

Write three uses of solar energy.

Ans:- Three uses of solar energy are

1- Plants make food in the presence of solar energy.

2- Solar Energy is used to cook food using solar cooker.

3- Solar energy is converted into Electric energy using solar cell.

What is wind energy?

Ans:- The energy that we get from moving energy is called Wind Energy.

Write three uses of wind energy.

Ans:- The three uses of wind energy are

1- Wind energy is used to sail a boat.

2- Wind energy is used to run a wind mill.

3- Wind energy is used to generate electricity with the help of wind mill.

What is Hydro Energy?

Ans:- The energy that we get from moving water is called Hydro Energy.

Write an use of Hydro Energy.

Ans:- Hydro Energy is used to generate electricity.

What is Fuel Energy?

The energy that released by fuel like coal, LPG, kerosene, petrol, diesel and CNG is called fuel energy.

Write an use of Fuel Energy?

Ans:- Fuel energy is used to run machines and vehicles.

 Solid, Liquids and Gases- Class 4 Science- New St. Mery English School

Everything around us is made up of matter, and matter exists in three main forms — solids, liquids, and gases. In this chapter, students will learn how these three states of matter differ from one another based on their shape, volume, and the way their particles are arranged. Through simple examples from daily life, we will understand how solids keep their shape, liquids flow easily, and gases spread everywhere. This lesson will help young learners observe and explore the properties of matter in the world around them.

Solid, Liquids and Gases- Class 4 Science- New St. Mery English School

What is Matter?

Ans:- Any thing that has mass and occupies space is called Matter.

Ex:- plants, animals, people, wood, water, chair, air etc

What are molecules?

Ans:- All matters are made up of small particles , these particles are called molecules.

How many states of matter on the basis of arrangement of particles?

Ans:- There are three states of matter on the basis of arrangement of particles.

          1- Solid

          2- liquid

          3- gas

What is Intermolecular space?

Ans:- The space between the molecules of a matter is called intermolecular space.

What is Solid?

Ans:- matter which have fixed shape and occupies fixed space is called solid.

Ex:- Stone, books, wood etc

What is liquid?

Ans:- matter which do not have fixed shape but occupies fixed space is called liquid.

Ex:- water, juice, milk, honey etc.

What is Gas?

Ans:- Matter which do not have fixed shape and do not occupies fixed space is called gas.

Ex:- oxygen, air, watervapour, carbon dioxide

What is Freezing?

Ans:- The process by which a substance changes from liquid to solid state on cooling is called freezing.

Ex:- When water is kept in freezer, it converts into solid state.

What is melting?

Ans:- The process by which a substance changes from solid to liquid state is called melting.

Ex:- If we heat some ice-cubes, they convert into water.

What is Evaporation?

Ans:- The process of changing liquid state to vapour form is called Evaporation.

Ex:- If we heat water in a pan, It starts boiling and starts changing into water vapours.

What is Condensation?

Ans:- The process by which a substance changes from the gaseous state to the liquid state upon cooling is called condensation.

Ex:- If we cover a lid on the boiling water, on cooling water vapour collects on the lid as water droplets.

What are Soluble substances?

Ans:- The substances that dissolve in water are called Soluble substances.

Ex:- Sugar, Salt etc

What are Insoluble Substances?

Ans:- The substances that do not dissolve in water are called Insoluble substances.

Ex:- Sand, Chalk, Wax etc

What is Solvent?

Ans:- A liquid in which a solute dissolves is called solvent.

Ex:- Water, Milk, etc

What is Solute?

Ans:- A substance that dissolve in a liquid is called Solute.

Ex:- Sugar, Salt etc

What is solution?

Ans:- The mixture that is formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent is called Solution.

Ex:- mixture of water and sugar

How can we separate the soluble substances from solution?

Ans:- We can separate the soluble substances from solution by heating.

Ex:- Salt or sugar can be separated from their solution by heating. The water changes to steam and leaving behind the particles of salt or sugar

How can we separate the Insoluble substances from solution?

Ans:- We can separate the Insoluble substances from solution by Filtration or Sedimentation and Decantation.

Filtration

In this process, insoluble substances can be separated from a mixture with the help of filter paper. Filter paper is a coarse paper with many tiny holes in it through which only liquids can pass.

Ex:- From the mixture of sand particles and water , sand particles can be separated with the help of filter paper. 

Sedimentation and Decantation

In this process sand and mud can be separated from muddy water. Solution should be kept undisturbed for some time. The sand will settle down. This process by which insoluble particles settle down at the bottom is called sedimentation.

Now the clear liquid can be poured slowly to another glass without disturbing it. This process is called decantation. In this method , sand and mud separates from the mixture.