Living and Non - Living Things - Class 3 Science - New St. Mery English School

Everything around us can be divided into two main groups – living things and non-living things. Living things, such as plants, animals, and humans, have life. They grow, breathe, move, eat food, and reproduce. On the other hand, non-living things like rocks, water, air, and toys do not have life. They do not grow, breathe, or need food.

Understanding the difference between living and non-living things helps children learn more about the world around them. It also helps them observe nature carefully and develop curiosity about how things work. In this lesson, we will explore the characteristics of living things and identify examples of both living and non-living things in our daily life in a simple and fun way.

Living and Non - Living Things - Class 3 Science - New St. Mery English School 

1:- What are living things ?

Ans:- The things that are alive are called living things.

Ex: - humans beings,  animal,  birds,  insects and plants 

2:- What are non living things?

Ans: - Things that are not alive are called non living thing things

Ex:-  stones,  rocks,  mountains and soil 

3:- Write six characteristics of living things .

 Ans: – the six characteristics of living things are

• Living things move.
• Living things breathe.                 
• Living things need food and water for survival.
• Living things grow.
•  Living things feel.
• Living things reproduce.

3:- Write five characteristics of Non - living things .

 Ans: – the five characteristics of Non - living things are

• Non - Living Things do not have life.
• Non - Living Things do not require food, water or air.               
• Non - Living Things do not breathe.
• Non - Living Things do not grow.
• Non - Living Things do not move from one place to another.

4:- What locomotion

Ans:- movement of animals from one place to another place  is called locomotion

5:- What we call the movement of these living being?
 human , deer , kangaroo , rabbit , monkey , insects and bird.

Ans:- The movement of human is called walk.   
The movement of deer is called walk .

The movement of kangaroo is called hop. 
The movement of rabbit is called hop. 
The movement of monkey is called swing.

The movement of insect is called fiy and crawl. 
The movement of bird is called fiy

The movement of fish is called swim

The movement of snails, snake and earth worm is called crawl

6:- Write the name of a plant that turns their face towards the sun

Ans:-   sun flower

7:- Why do living things need food and water?

Ans:- Living  things need  food  and  water  to  live  and  to  get  energy  to  carry  out  different   work

8:- How do animals get there food

Ans:- Animals get there food directly or indirectly from plants. Cow, deer and sheep get food directly to the plant.  While lion and tiger get their food indirectly to the plants

9:- How does plant make their food

Ans:- plants make their food using sunlight, carbon dioxide, chlorophyll and water. this is called photo synthesis.

10:- By which organ  these  living beings  breathe ( cow, cat, dog, man, fish, insects, plant)

Ans:- Cow, cat, dog and man breathe through lungs.

Fish breathe through gills.

Insects breathe through spiracles present on their body.

Plant breathe through stomata

11:- How many sense organs we have to feel the objects around us ?

Ans:- We have five sense organs to feel the object around us. They are eyes, nose, tongue and skin

12:- What is reproduction ?

Ans:- All living beings reproduce other living beings of their own kind is called reproduction

13:- Write the process how these living beings reproduce their young ones. (human beings , animals , birds, plants)

Ans:- Human beings reproduce their young ones by giving birth.

Animals  reproduce their young ones by giving birth.

Birds reproduce their young ones by laying eggs.

Plants reproduce their young ones Through seeds and From plant parts .

 Light - Class 7 Science - New St. Mery English School

Light is a form of energy that enables us to see the beautiful world around us. Without light, everything would appear dark and invisible. The Sun is the main natural source of light for the Earth, while electric bulbs, candles, and tube lights are artificial sources of light.

Light travels in a straight line and helps us understand important concepts like reflection, shadows, and images formed by mirrors. When light falls on an object, it may be reflected, absorbed, or pass through it. This is why some objects are transparent, some are translucent, and others are opaque.

In this chapter, we will learn about sources of light, reflection of light, mirrors, and how light helps us see objects clearly. Let us explore the amazing properties of light and understand how it plays an important role in our daily life.

Light - Class 7 Science - New St. Mery English School

What is Light ?

Ans:- Light is the form of electromagnetic energy that makes everything visible. It can detected by human eyes.

What is rectilinear propagation of light?

Ans:- When light moves from one place to another, it follows a straight path as long as it travels through the same medium. This property of light is known as rectilinear propagation of light.

Ex:- When you switch on a torch in a dark room, the beam of light goes straight. You can see a straight line of light — that shows rectilinear propagation.

🌑 Shadow Formation

Shadows are formed because light travels in straight lines.
If an object comes in the path of light, it blocks the light and a shadow forms behind it.

Rectilinear propagation of light happens only when light travels in a uniform medium. When it changes medium (like air to water), it bends. That bending is called refraction.

Write an experiment that show that light travel in straight path

🎯 Aim

To prove that light travels in a straight path.

🧰 Materials Required

• 3 pieces of cardboard

• A candle

• Matchbox

• A table

🛠 Procedure

1. Take three cardboards of the same size.

2. Make a small hole at the center of each cardboard.

3. Fix the three cardboards vertically on a table in such a way that the holes are at the same height.

4. Place the cardboards in a straight line, one behind the other.

5. Put a lighted candle behind the first cardboard.

6. Look through the hole of the third cardboard from the other side.

👀 Observation

• When all three holes are in one straight line, the flame of the candle is clearly visible.

• If you move any one cardboard slightly to the side, the candle flame cannot be seen.

🧠 Conclusion

This experiment shows that light travels in a straight line. When the holes are aligned, light passes straight through them. When the path is disturbed, light cannot bend around the cardboard to reach the eye.

Reflection of light

When light hits an object like a mirror, it does not pass through. Instead, it returns back into the same medium. This is called reflection of light.

Types of Reflection

There are two types of reflection of light

1- Regular Reflection

2- Irregular Reflection

Regular Reflection

Regular reflection happens when light rays fall on a smooth, polished surface and reflect in an orderly, parallel way. In regular reflection parallel rays of light hit a smooth surface and the reflected rays also remain parallel.

Ex:- A plane mirror gives regular reflection. That’s why you can see a clear image of yourself in it.

Irregular Reflection

Irregular reflection happens when light falls on a rough surface and reflects in many different directions. In irregular reflection parallel rays of light hit a rough surface and the reflected rays scatter in different directions.

Ex:- When light strike on a wall it gives Irregular reflection, Reflection of light in water

ray of light?
Ans:- A ray of light is a narrow stream (प्रबहित होना ) of light that represents the path along which light energy travels in a medium is called ray of light.  it is represented by a straight line and an arrow marked on it. the arrow represents the direction of ray of light

beam of light?
Ans:- A group of light rays is called beam of light.

 types of beam of light?
Ans:- There are three types of beam of light.
           1- Parallel beam of light
           2- Convergent beam of light
           3 - Divergent beam of light

Parallel beam of light?
Ans:- When the rays of light travel parallel to each other then the collection of such rays is called parallel beam of light .

convergent beam of light?
Ans:- When the rays of light coming from the different directions and meat at a specific point then the collection of such rays is called convergent beam of light.

divergent beam of light?

Ans:- When the rays of light emerge from a point source of light and travel in different direction , such beam of light is called divergent beam of light.

What is incident ray?
Ans:- A ray of light that is coming from source of light towards the reflecting surface is called incident ray of light.

What is reflecting ray?
Ans:- A ray of light bouncing away from the reflecting surface after reflection is called reflecting ray.

What is point of incident?
Ans:- The point on a reflecting surface where incident ray, reflecting ray and normal meet together is called point of incident.

What is normal?
Ans:- A line drawn perpendicular to the reflecting surface is called normal.

What is incidence angle?
Ans:- An angle which is formed between incident ray and normal is called incidence angle. It is represented by ' i ' 

Incidence angle = ∠i

What is reflected angle?
Ans:- An angle which is formed between normal and reflected ray is called reflected angle. It is represented by ' r '.

Reflected angle = ∠r 

What are the 2 Laws of reflection of light?  

Ans:- The two laws of reflection are

1- The incident ray, the normal at the point of incidence and the reflected ray all lie in the same plane.

2-The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. , ∠i  = ∠r .

Image

An image is the picture of an object formed when light rays coming from the object reflect from a mirror or refract through a lens and reach our eyes.

Real image

The image that can be obtained on a screen is called real image

Virtual image

The image that can not be obtained on a screen is called virtual image

What is mirror?

Ans:- Any smooth polished surface which can turn the rays of light back into the same medium is called mirror.

Ex:- looking glass, highly polished metal, still water, still oil etc

How many types of mirror?

Ans:- There are two types of mirror.

1- Plane Mirror

2- Spherical Mirror

What is Plane Mirror?

Ans:- A plane mirror is a flat and smooth surface that reflects light to form an image. A plane mirror forms an image that is virtual, erect, Laterally inverted and Same size of the object.

Living Creatures : Exploring Their Characteristics - Class 6 Science - New St. Mery English School

Have you ever wondered how we know that a plant, an animal, or even a tiny insect is a living thing? The world around us is full of both living and non-living things, but living creatures have some special features that make them different. In this chapter, we will explore those unique characteristics that all living organisms share.

Living things grow, breathe, need food, move, respond to changes around them, reproduce, and remove waste from their bodies. These processes are called life processes, and they help living organisms survive on Earth. From huge elephants to tiny ants and green plants, every living being shows these characteristics in one way or another.

Understanding these features helps us learn more about nature and the amazing diversity of life around us. Let’s begin our journey into the fascinating world of living creatures and discover what truly makes something “alive.” 🌱 

Living Creatures : Exploring Their Characteristics - Class 6 Science - New St. Mery English School

What are living things?

Ans:- Things which have lives are called living things.

Ex:- human, plants, animals, birds etc

What are Non-living things?

Ans:- Things which have no lives are called Non-Living things.

Ex:- river, mountain, buildings etc

Write some common features between living thing and non-living thing.

Ans:-  Some common features between living thing and non-living thing are

1- Both Living and Non-living thing possess mass, shape and occupy space.

2- Both Living and Non-living thing  made up of basic structural unit. In the case of Living thing, Cell is the basic structural unit. and Molecule is the basic structural unit of Non-living thing.

Cellular Organisation

What are Cellular Organisms?

Ans:- Those organisms that are made of cells are called Cellular Organisms.

Ex:- animals, plants, amoeba etc

How many types of cellular organisms?

Ans:- There are two types of cellular organisms.

1- Unicellular organisms

2- Multicellular organisms

What are Unicellular organisms?

Ans:- Those organisms that are made up of only a single cell are called Unicellular organisms.

Ex:- amoeba, paramecium, euglena, chlamydomonas, bacteria

What are Multicellular organisms?

Ans:- Those organisms that are made up of millions of cells are called Multicellular organisms.

Ex:- plants, animals and human beings etc

Eating and Feeding

What is Nutrition?

Ans:- The process of taking food in living organisms is called Nutrition.

How many types of living organisms on the basis of Nutrition?

Ans:- There are two types of living organisms on the basis of Nutrition.

1- Autotrophic

2- Heterotrophic

What are Autotrophic?

Ans:- Those living organisms that prepare their own food themselves are Autotrophic.

Ex:- Plants are autotrophic because they synthesize their food themselves in the presence of sunlight and using raw material like carbon dioxide and water.

What are Heterotrophic?

Ans:- Those living organisms that get their food from plants and other animals are Heterotrophic

Ex:- Human beings, animals, birds etc

Respiration

What is breathing?

Ans:- The act of taking in air is called breathing. During breathing, the organisms take in oxygen present in the air. This oxygen is used to break down complex food substances into carbon dioxide and water. During this process, energy is released.

Food + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy

What is Respiration?

Ans:- The release of energy from food is called respiration. Respiration helps living things obtain this energy. Living things need energy to grow, to move and to fight diseases.

Describe the different organs present in different organisms to breathe.

Ans:- Humans breathe in air through the nostrils into the lungs. Animals living in water, such as fish, use their gills to extract dissolved oxygen from water. Some animals, which do not have gills or lungs, breathe in other ways. Earthworms breathe through their body surface while insects breathe through holes in their bodies called spiracles. Plants breathe through special openings present in their leaves called stomata.

What is Growth?

Ans:- Growth is the increase in size, height, weight, or mass of a living organism over time. All living things show growth. 

Ex:- A baby grows into child, A seedling grows into a tree, A chicken grows into a cock, etc

Is growth reversible or irreversible?

Ans:- Growth is irreversible because once a living thing has grown, it can not become small again.

Movement

Why is movement necessary in living organisms?

Ans:- Movement is necessary in living organisms because they move from one place to another in search of food, seeking protection from enemies and natural hazards that help them to survive on earth.

What is Locomotion?

Ans:- Locomotion is the movement of an organism from one place to another.

Ex:- Human walks, Birds fly, Fish swim, etc.

Excretion

What is Excretion?

Ans:- Elimination of wastes from the body of living organisms is called excretion. Animals excrete wastes from their bodies in the form of urine, stool and sweat. plants excrete gum and latex. plants like rubber, oak, and banyan trees excrete latex.

Response to stimuli

What is stimulus?

Ans:- Any change that produces an immediate action or response in an organism is called stimulus.

What is response?

Ans:- A response is the immediate action taken by an organism to adjust itself  according to the change.

Write about different kinds of stimulus that is responded by living organisms.

Ans:- All living organisms respond to different kinds of stimuli like touch, chemicals, heat, light and smell.

A turtle withdraws into its shell when sensing danger.

A bacterium swims away from concentration of harmful substances.

If you heat an animal, it will try to attack back or run away.

Sunflower shows response to stimuli mainly through movement toward light.

The touch-me-not plant shows a very clear response to touch, which is a type of stimulus. When the leaves of the touch-me-not plant are touched, shaken, or even exposed to strong wind, The leaflets quickly fold inward and the leaf droops down.

Reproduction

What is Reproduction?

Ans:- Reproduction is the process by which living organisms produce new organisms of their own kind.

Adaptation

What is adaptation?

Ans:- Living organism develops certain characteristics which help them to live and survive in their environment. This is called adaptation. Adaptation is the process by which a living organism learns to survive and reproduce in its environment.

Write some adaptations shown by different animals

Ans:- A polar bear has a thick fur to helps it keep warm in the polar regions.

A hawk has a sharp and hooked beak for tearing its prey.

A woodpecker uses its long and pointed beak to drill into the bark of trees to find insects.

A dog adapts to warm weather by shedding its hair.

Insect Eating plants

What are insectivorous plants?

Ans:- Insectivorous plants are special plants that trap and digest insects to get nutrients, especially nitrogen, because they usually grow in nutrient-poor soil.

Key points:

• They are green plants and can make their own food by photosynthesis 🌱

• They catch insects using modified leaves

• Insects provide extra nutrients, not energy

Common examples:

• Pitcher Plant – traps insects in a pitcher-shaped leaf

• Venus Flytrap – snaps shut when an insect touches it

• Sundew – has sticky hairs that trap insects

Life Span

What is Life Span?

Ans:- Life span is the total length of time for which a living organism lives, from birth to natural death.

Examples:

• Human – about 70–80 years

• Dog – about 10–15 years

• Butterfly – a few weeks

• Neem tree – hundreds of years

In short:-

Life span = Birth → Growth → Old age (maturity ) → Death

Write the organisms which show the characteristics of both living and non-living things.

Ans:- Viruses are the organisms which show the characteristics of both living and non-living things. Viruses need living cells to grow and reproduce. Most viruses can not survive for long if they are not inside a living thing. When viruses get inside living bodies, they multiply and make people sick.